Some philosophers have been grouped together since their works and ideas are covered by a shared source.
Vedantic Scriptures (c.800-c.1500? BCE)
Thales (c.625-c.545 BCE)
Anaximander (c. 610-546 BCE)
Pythagoras (c.580-500 BCE)
Anaximenes (d. 528 BCE)
Parmenides (c.515- after 450 BCE)
Anaxagoras (500-428 BCE)
Zeno of Elea (c.490-430 BCE)
Protagoras (c.485-c.420 BCE)
Democritus (c.460-c.370 BCE)
Diogenes (c.404-323 BCE)
- The First Philosophers: The Presocratics and Sophists (Robin Waterfield) ˆ
- Handbook of Greek Philosophy: From Thales to the Stoics: Analysis and Fragments (Nikolaos Bakalis) ˆ
Lao-zi (c.570-c.490? BCE)
Gautama Buddha (c.563-c.483 BCE)
K’ung Fu-zi [Confucius] (551-479 BCE)
Sun Zi [Sun Tzu] (544-496 BCE)
Mo-zi (479-438 BCE)
Socrates (c.470-399 BCE)
Xenophon (c. 431-355 BCE)
Plato (c.428-c.348 BCE)
- The Republic (Allan Bloom trans.) ˆ
- The Symposium (Gill & Lee trans.) ˆ
- Plato Complete Works (Cooper & Hutchinson eds.) ˆ
- Xenophon: Memorabilia. Oeconomicus. Symposium. Apologia. (Marchant & Todd trans.)
Note: For Plato’s works, I prefer the grouping and order theorized and proposed by Bernard Suzanne in 1995. It is as follows:
- Tetralogy I
Alcibiades I
Lysis
Laches
Charmides - Tetralogy II
Protagoras
Hippias Major
Gorgias
Hippias Minor - Tetralogy III
Meno
Euthyphro
Apology
Crito - Tetralogy IV
Symposium
Phædrus
Republic
Phædo - Tetralogy V
Cratylus
Ion
Euthydemus
Menexenus - Tetralogy VI
Parmenides
Theætetus
Sophist
Statesman - Tetralogy VII
Philebus
Timæus
Critias
Laws
Hippocrates (c. 460-370 BCE)
Aristotle (384-322 BCE)
Meng-zi [Mencius] (c.371-c.289 BCE)
Zhuang-zi (?? 369-298 BCE)
Pyrrho (c.365-275 BCE)
Epicurus (c.341-271 BCE)
- The Epicurus Reader: Selected Writings and Testimonia (Lloyd P. Gerson, trans.)
- Handbook of Greek Philosophy: From Thales to the Stoics: Analysis and Fragments (Nikolaos Bakalis) ˆ
Zeno of Kition (c.334-c.262 BCE)
Xun-zi (c.310-c.220 BCE)
Han Fei-zi (280-233 BCE)
Lucretius (c.99-c.55 BCE)
Philo (20 BCE-50 CE)
Apollonius of Tyana (c.4 BCE – ? CE)
Seneca the Younger (5-65 CE)
Wang Ch’ung (27-97 CE)
Epictetus (c.55-135 CE)
- Epictetus, I, Discourses, Books 1-2 (W.A. Oldfather trans.)
- Epictetus, II, Discourses, Books 3-4. Fragments. The Encheiridion (W.A. Oldfather trans.)
- Art of Living: The Classical Mannual on Virtue, Happiness, and Effectiveness (Sharon Lebell interp.) ˆ
Nāgārjuna (c.100-165 CE)
- The Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way: Nagarjuna’s Mulamadhyamakakarika (Jay L. Garfield, trans.)
Marcus Aurelius (c.121-180 CE)
Sextus Empiricus (fl c.200 CE)
Plotinus (c.205-70 CE)
Gregory of Nyssa (c.330-c.394 CE)
Augustine (354-430 CE)
Hypatia (c.370-415 CE)
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